ARS - recent articles
https://ars.copernicus.org/articles/
Recent articles of the journal Advances in Radio ScienceLong-term trends of midlatitude horizontal mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds over four decades
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-111-2023
<b>Long-term trends of midlatitude horizontal mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds over four decades</b><br>
Christoph Jacobi, Ales Kuchar, Toralf Renkwitz, and Juliana Jaen<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 111–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-111-2023, 2023<br>
Middle atmosphere long-term changes show the signature of climate change. We analyse 43 years of mesopause region horizontal winds obtained at two sites in Germany. We observe mainly positive trends of the zonal prevailing wind throughout the year, while the meridional winds tend to decrease in magnitude in both summer and winter. Furthermore, there is a change in long-term trends around the late 1990s, which is most clearly visible in summer winds.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Approximation of High Intensity Radiated Field by Direct Current Injection using matrix methods based on Characteristic Mode Analysis
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-101-2023
<b>Approximation of High Intensity Radiated Field by Direct Current Injection using matrix methods based on Characteristic Mode Analysis</b><br>
Jan Ückerseifer and Frank Gronwald<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-101-2023, 2023<br>
This contribution investigates the approximation of a well-established immunity test method for electronic equipment by an alternative test method, which so far has only been applied to electronic equipment in aircrafts. The alternative method can provide a similar test environment under certain test conditions, yet offers additional advantages with respect to practical criteria like time and cost saving. It is thus promising for further industrial applications, such as the automotive industry.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Hybrid integrators with predictive overload estimation for analog computers and continuous-time ΔΣ modulators
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-89-2023
<b>Hybrid integrators with predictive overload estimation for analog computers and continuous-time ΔΣ modulators</b><br>
Dirk Killat, Bernd Ulmann, and Sven Köppel<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 89–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-89-2023, 2023<br>
Analog integrators have the problem that small signals are affected by the noise of the circuit and large signals are limited by the supply voltage. In the hybrid integrator, mixed digital and analog signal processing increases the maximum possible difference between the smallest and largest signals, which can be almost any size. The hybrid integrator has improved detection of dynamic input signals, which further improves the dynamic range.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00AI Models for Supporting SI Analysis on PCB Net Structures: Comparing Linear and Non-Linear Data Sources
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-77-2023
<b>AI Models for Supporting SI Analysis on PCB Net Structures: Comparing Linear and Non-Linear Data Sources</b><br>
Julian Withöft, Werner John, Emre Ecik, Ralf Brüning, and Jürgen Götze<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 77–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-77-2023, 2023<br>
In this paper, a two-stage artificial intelligence framework for supporting the signal integrity compliant printed circuit board design process has been developed. This framework was applied to compare linear and non-linear data, which showed that the non-linear data source gains advantages over the linear data in terms of attainable regression accuracy. For the investigated application however, the linear model can be utilized directly or by utilizing transfer learning for adequate results.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Egbert von Lepel and the Invention of the Spark-Gap Transmitter
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-65-2023
<b>Egbert von Lepel and the Invention of the Spark-Gap Transmitter</b><br>
Wolfgang Mathis<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-65-2023, 2023<br>
Based on new archive sources, it is shown that Egbert von Lepel is one of the pioneers of early radio technology, which has not been adequately dealt with in the history of radio science. In particular, the significance of his 1907 patent of the spark-gap transmitter ("Löschfunkensender") is unknown, although it was granted as a key patent by the Imperial Patent Office in 1911. Therefore, Telefunken paid licenses to von Lepel, but this was the subject of a secret treaty of 1919.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00MmWave scattering properties of roads on rough asphalt and concrete surfaces
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-57-2023
<b>MmWave scattering properties of roads on rough asphalt and concrete surfaces</b><br>
Vera Kurz, Manuel Fuenfer, Florian Pfeiffer, and Erwin Biebl<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 57–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-57-2023, 2023<br>
Autonomous driving is handled as one of the key technologies of the current era. Safety proofs for this form of transportation are partly carried out using simulations. In this paper the response of roads made of rough asphalts and concrete to radar signals is investigated, to create a database improving the accuracy of such simulations. The measurements are performed in a laboratory using specific samples of roads. The setup is validated as well, and the results are described mathematically.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Generating AI modules for decoupling capacitor placement using simulation
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-49-2023
<b>Generating AI modules for decoupling capacitor placement using simulation</b><br>
Nima Ghafarian Shoaee, Zouhair Nezhi, Werner John, Ralf Brüning, and Jürgen Götze<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 49–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-49-2023, 2023<br>
The effects of parameters (decaps, power plane and stackup) affecting the input impedance of a power delivery network are investigated. An artificial neural network is trained using the generated data utilizing a process to generate suitable input for training a machine learning module, which is able to predict the impedance profile of the PDN. In order to obtain a more accurate prediction, Bayesian optimization is implemented and the results are compared to commercial power integrity software.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Anomaly Detection with Decision Trees for AI Assisted Evaluation of Signal Integrity on PCB Transmission Lines
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-37-2023
<b>Anomaly Detection with Decision Trees for AI Assisted Evaluation of Signal Integrity on PCB Transmission Lines</b><br>
Emre Ecik, Werner John, Julian Withöft, and Jürgen Götze<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 37–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-37-2023, 2023<br>
The implementation of an anomaly detection with a decision tree was investigated with respect to the evaluation of selected SI effects in PCB design. The tree based approach allows the designer to understand the proposals more easily (explainable AI). High prediction accuracies for two simple networks were achieved with the proposed method. The use of anomaly detection with a decision tree will be further developed in future work for various more complex SI applications in circuit design.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Mathematical optimization and machine learning to support PCB topology identification
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-25-2023
<b>Mathematical optimization and machine learning to support PCB topology identification</b><br>
Ilda Cahani and Marcus Stiemer<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 25–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-25-2023, 2023<br>
A framework to assist to the modeling, classification, and identification of PCB designs involving different topological approaches is proposed based on the analysis of scattering parameters. The underlying idea is to break down the relevant information hidden in the network topology to a flattened latent space via an encoder-decoder structure. Various machine learning and optimization methods are proposed using the trained encoder or decoder as upstream or downstream component.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Systematic methods for the synthesis of equidistant MIMO arrays
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-15-2023
<b>Systematic methods for the synthesis of equidistant MIMO arrays</b><br>
Marvin Alexander Samuel Holder and Mark Eberspächer<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 15–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-15-2023, 2023<br>
This paper introduces and compares two design methods to find an antenna arrangement for a radar system using multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. Such a setup is capable of reducing the number of required antennas significantly. The methods can be used to design 1D or 2D antenna arrays without software tools or programming effort. Since the presented approach is based on a simplified signal model, it can be used as a starting point for more detailed design considerations.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Generalized Efficiency and the Uncertainty of Millimeter Wave Power Standard
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-7-2023
<b>Generalized Efficiency and the Uncertainty of Millimeter Wave Power Standard</b><br>
Windi Kurnia Perangin-Angin, Karsten Kuhlmann, and Jürgen Rühaak<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 7–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-7-2023, 2023<br>
The paper shows the determination and application of the generalized efficiency of waveguide thermoelectric power sensor and the uncertainty in the direct transfer system to establish measurement traceability of the millimeter wave power to the primary standard. The waveguide thermoelectric sensor with its generalized efficiency can be used as a transfer standard to calibrate all types of power sensors to determine both the generalized efficiency and the calibration factor.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Y-shaped tunable monolithic dual colour lasers for THz technology
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-1-2023
<b>Y-shaped tunable monolithic dual colour lasers for THz technology</b><br>
Carsten Brenner, Nils Surkamp, and Martin Rudolf Hofmann<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-1-2023, 2023<br>
THz systems are promising tools for non-destructive testing and material characterisation. High costs, which are mostly determined by the laser system, prevent the application in the market. By using monolithic dual-colour lasers, a significant cost decrease can be achieved. We discuss some of the typical drawbacks associated with these lasers. Furthermore, we present a complete THz system which is based on a dual-colour diode laser to show the capabilities for material characterisation.
2023-12-01T18:01:33+01:00Vulnerability of Smart Grid-enabled Protection Relays to IEMI
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023
<b>Vulnerability of Smart Grid-enabled Protection Relays to IEMI</b><br>
Fernando Arduini, Marian Lanzrath, Samikshya Ghosalkar, Arash Nateghi, Sven Fisahn, and Martin Schaarschmidt<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 131–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023, 2023<br>
The use of high-power electromagnetic sources to disrupt or maliciously damage electronic devices in critical power infrastructures is growing in concern. This paper presents a vulnerability study where a digital protection relay is exposed to high-power electromagnetic interference signals. The results reveal failures of this device that can impact the operation of power substations.
2023-07-27T18:01:33+02:00Modeling and Analytical Description of Parasitic Probe Effects in Measurements of Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguides
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-119-2023
<b>Modeling and Analytical Description of Parasitic Probe Effects in Measurements of Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguides</b><br>
Gia Ngoc Phung and Uwe Arz<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 119–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-119-2023, 2023<br>
This paper demonstrates how probe effects deteriorate mTRL-calibrated S-parameter measurements of conductor-backed CPW structures. A thorough study of CB-CPWs through field analysis is presented and for the first time an analytical description to predict the occurrence of ripples and resonance effects taking the probe geometries into account is presented. The analytical description is verified by em simulation and measurement for two different substrate materials, i.e. fused silica and alumina.
2023-04-27T18:01:33+02:00Pulse shaping of the electromagnetic radiation from a narrow slot antenna
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-113-2023
<b>Pulse shaping of the electromagnetic radiation from a narrow slot antenna</b><br>
Martin Štumpf and Ioan Ernest Lager<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 113–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-113-2023, 2023<br>
Can we control the shape of electromagnetic pulse as radiated from a slot antenna in a given direction? This problem has been resolved in the present paper, where a straightforward signal-processing technique is described analytically and successfully validated numerically.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00Towards Differential Static Magnetic Localization of Commercial Capsule Endoscopes: An Evaluation Using Different Ring and Cylindrical Magnets
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-105-2023
<b>Towards Differential Static Magnetic Localization of Commercial Capsule Endoscopes: An Evaluation Using Different Ring and Cylindrical Magnets</b><br>
Samuel Zeising, Lu Chen, Angelika Thalmayer, Georg Fischer, and Jens Kirchner<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 105–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-105-2023, 2023<br>
In the state-of-the-art of static magnetic localization of capsule endoscopes relatively large magnets compared with the small capsules are used. Therefore, small disc magnets and ring magnets for integration with the built-in components were evaluated. The mean position and orientation errors did not exceed 5 mm and 4° for all applied magnets except the thinnest disc magnets with a length of 1.5 and 3 mm. Therefore, the state-of-the-art was outperformed even for smaller magnets.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00Towards Steering Magnetic Nanoparticles in Drug Targeting Using a Linear Halbach Array
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-93-2023
<b>Towards Steering Magnetic Nanoparticles in Drug Targeting Using a Linear Halbach Array</b><br>
Angelika S. Thalmayer, Samuel Zeising, Maximilian Lübke, and Georg Fischer<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 93–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-93-2023, 2023<br>
We investigated two different arrangements of Halbach arrays for steering magnetic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. The arrays are arranged with permanent magnets where the strong and weak magnetic sides can be changed by rotating the single magnets. For deriving the magnetic force, two different fitting functions were analyzed and compared. Summarized, the magnetic force and, thus, the region where the particles are able to get washed out, can be adjusted using low-cost permanent magnets.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00Migrating and nonmigrating tidal signatures in sporadic E layer occurrence rates
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-85-2023
<b>Migrating and nonmigrating tidal signatures in sporadic E layer occurrence rates</b><br>
Christoph Jacobi, Kanykei Kandieva, and Christina Arras<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 85–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-85-2023, 2023<br>
Sporadic E (Es) layers are thin regions of accumulated ions in the lower ionosphere. They can be observed by disturbances of GNSS links between low-Earth orbiting satellites and GNSS satellites. Es layers are influenced by neutral atmospheric tides and show the coupling between the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere. Here we analyse migrating (sun-synchronous) and non-migrating tidal components in Es. The main signatures are migrating Es, but nonmigrating components are found as well.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00Case study of radio emission beam associated to very low frequency signal recorded onboard CSES satellite
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-77-2023
<b>Case study of radio emission beam associated to very low frequency signal recorded onboard CSES satellite</b><br>
Mohammed Y. Boudjada, Hans U. Eichelberger, Emad Al-Haddad, Werner Magnes, Patrick H. M. Galopeau, Xuemin Zhang, Andreas Pollinger, and Helmut Lammer<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 77–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-77-2023, 2023<br>
We investigate the variation of the electric power density linked to VLF signals emitted by NWC transmitter. The power density measurements were detected by the Electric Field Detector (EFD) instrument onboard CSES satellite above NWC station and its conjugate region (CR). The beam is subject to disturbances and modulations in CR. Above the NWC station, the beam can be considered as a hollow cone with inconsistency dependence of the half-opening angle on the electric power density.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00Processing of weather radar raw IQ-data towards the identification and correction of wind turbine interference – Project RIWER: Removing the Influence of Wind Park Echoes in Weather Radar Measurements
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-67-2023
<b>Processing of weather radar raw IQ-data towards the identification and correction of wind turbine interference – Project RIWER: Removing the Influence of Wind Park Echoes in Weather Radar Measurements</b><br>
Bhavinkumar Vishnubhai Patel, Emre Colak, Aastha Vyas, Madhu Chandra, and Ralf Zichner<br>
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 67–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-67-2023, 2023<br>
We investigated the impact of Wind Turbines and Wind Turbine Interference on operational weather radar unfiltered raw IQ-data and subsequent radar moments, such as Reflectivity, Differential Reflectivity, Differential Phase, Mean Doppler Velocity and Correlation Coefficient, for both events with and without precipitation in this contribution under the scope of the RIWER (Removing the Influence of Wind Park Echoes in Weather Radar Measurements) project.
2023-03-21T18:01:33+01:00