In electronic design development, schematics are used to depict electrical circuits and validate them before manufacturing. As such designs are often handed in as images (bitmaps) only, there is no way to easily process and check them in an automated way.
With the help of deep-learning methods, components, lines and text can be extracted from these bitmaps.
Fusing these detections, the electrical circuit can be reconstructed and serve as an input for further validation routines.

This article deals with the relatively late introduction of entertainment radio in Germany compared to other technically advanced countries. Following current broadcasting history, the German Post Office was initially interested in the commercial use of wireless technology after the end of the First World War. Due to the success of entertainment radio in the USA and UK, there were demands from industry and radio amateurs for its opening in Germany as well, which finally happened with a delay.

The results of immunity tests on components of self-driving automobiles to radiated high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulses are presented in this work. It is of particular interest to investigate such automobiles’ resilience towards deliberate attacks with electromagnetic interference (EMI). A characterization of the applied pulses are presented. A correlation can be drawn between the pulse repetition rate or the amplitude of the applied pulses and the severity of the effect on the DUTs.

In this study, the impact of LO signal variations on VNA measurements is investigated. The effect of LO signal changes is studied through theoretical analysis and experiments. It is found that even minor LO signal phase changes after calibration significantly affect the measured phase angles of transmission coefficients. Error correction terms are derived and applied to correct errors in the experimental data. The results shows that corrected measurements remain unaffected by the effect.

Half-hourly mean winds have been obtained using ground-based low-frequency and very high frequency radio observations of the mesopause region at Collm, Germany, since 1984. Long-term changes of wind variances, which are proxies for short-period atmospheric gravity waves, have been analysed. Gravity wave amplitudes increase with time in winter, but mainly decrease in summer. The trends are consistent with mean wind changes according to wave theory. 

The paper focuses on computational electromagnetics. To reduce the computation burden, the domain is divided into smaller subdomains that are solved separately. A feature of such a scheme is the expression of the multipole expansion in one subdomain due to the sources placed in another subdomain. This work analyzes an alternative method to do this task. Now, the subdomains enclosing the antennas can have an arbitrary shape, hence reducing the distances between the antennas and the scatterers.

A systematic analysis of measurement uncertainties in rectangular waveguide calibrations is condcuted. Uncertainty budgets for different waveguide bands are examined, individual uncertainty contributions are discussed and the significant impact of connection repeatability is highlighted. Consequently, an investigation into misaligned waveguide interfaces is undertaken, emphasizing the importance of precise alignment, supported by simulation and experimental data.

This paper aims to classify electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues using autoencoders, a dimensionality reduction technique, and machine learning models. The process begins by generating EMC measurement data that closely reflects real-world measurements. The samples are then reduced using autoencoders and used as input for the machine-learning models. The results demonstrate that the machine learning techniques were able to accurately classify between the different EMC classes. 

A hand sprayer is used to deposit droplets on the radome of an antenna. Before and during the drying process, measurements of the antenna reflection coefficient are performed repeatedly over time and frequency using a vector network analyzer. Continuous drifts from the wet state back to the initial dry state are demonstrated for individual antennas and frequency ranges. The obtained insights qualify the antenna reflection coefficient to be a promising indicator of momentary radome wetness.

A new analytical solution for the scalar scattering by a circular aperture in an infinite screen is presented. The field is expanded by means of complete spherical-multipole expansions. The unknown expansion coefficients are found from the conditions of continuity, leading to a quadratic system of linear equations.  The numerical evaluation validates and improves numerical results found in the literature. Further numerical results prove the robustness and convergence of the proposed method.

The paper describes a method to derive the electrical characteristics of the sea surface from Earth observation data and compute the ground-wave signal delay across sea-ice covered areas.
It is used in a tool chain to simulate signal propagation in a real-world scenario for the medium-frequency radio navigation R-Mode and assess the impact of sea ice on the signal propagation delays. The results indicate, that the effect of sea ice is significant and needs to be compensated.

This work shows that continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) is very useful for analyzing transient abnormalities in energy grids. Scalograms are used to visualize the results. It is demonstrated that the family of complex wavelets can be used to analyze the transfer of active power in the power system, even during transient events. This can be used to analyze resonant power grid structures and to identify the causes of violations of current and voltage limits at the grid connection point.

Automotive radar systems help vehicles detect objects and improve safety. This research presents a new antenna design that operates at two different frequencies to enhance both detection range and field of view. The design improves radar performance while keeping the system compact and cost-effective. By carefully analyzing the antenna, its reliability is confirmed. This innovation can support advanced driver assistance systems, making future vehicles safer and more efficient.

This work explores the special type of passive device to tracking an object without needing its own power source. A special tag placed on the object reflects signals from an external scanner. The scanner sends out waves, and the tag bounces them back, helping detect the objects. The work is aiming at warehouse application to track item boxes in the stock by fixing the tag to the box.