Articles | Volume 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-24-1-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-24-1-2026
19 May 2026
 | 19 May 2026

A quarter of a century of polar mesospheric summer echo observations over Andøya: climatology and trends

Ralph Latteck and Franz-Josef Lübken

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Cited articles

Batchelor, G. K.: Small-scale variation of convected quantities like temperature in a turbulent fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 5, 113–133, 1959. a
Berger, U. and Lübken, F.-J.: Trends in mesospheric ice layers in the Northern Hemisphere during 1961–2013, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 11277–11298, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023355, 2015. a, b
Bremer, J., Hansen, T. L., Hoffmann, P., and Latteck, R.: Dependence of polar mesosphere summer echoes on solar and geomagnetic activity, Adv. Space Res., 28, 1071–1076, 2001. a, b
Bremer, J., Hoffmann, P., Latteck, R., and Singer, W.: Seasonal and long-term variations of PMSE from VHF radar observations at Andenes, Norway, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002369, 2003. a
Bremer, J., Hoffmann, P., Höffner, J., Latteck, R., Singer, W., Zecha, M., and Zeller, O.: Long-term changes of mesospheric summer echoes at polar and middle latitudes, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 68, 1940–1951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.02.012, 2006. a, b
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Short summary
Using 30 years of radar observations at Andøya, this study presents the world’s longest record of a rare summer phenomenon high above the Arctic. The season lasts about 104 days and is gradually starting earlier and ending later. Even after accounting for solar and geomagnetic effects, a small but steady rise remains. The strongest signals occur about 84 km up and show no long-term change, offering new insight into ongoing shifts in the upper atmosphere.
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