Design of a continuously tunable reflectarray element for 5G metrology in the k-band
Thomas Harz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department High Frequency and Fields, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
(PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Thomas Kleine-Ostmann
Department High Frequency and Fields, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
(PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Thorsten Schrader
Department High Frequency and Fields, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
(PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Related authors
Thomas Harz and Thomas Kleine-Ostmann
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 215–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the upper (FR2) mm-wave 5G frequency band, the coverage area of a single antenna is very limited. Therefore, many antennas with electronical steering capability are needed for a good quality of service. These antennas have to be cost-effective and reliable, such as reflectarray antennas. The developed 10x10 reflectarray antenna has a gain of approximately 10 dBi and a continuous steering range from -30° to 30°.
Thomas Harz and Thomas Kleine-Ostmann
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 215–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the upper (FR2) mm-wave 5G frequency band, the coverage area of a single antenna is very limited. Therefore, many antennas with electronical steering capability are needed for a good quality of service. These antennas have to be cost-effective and reliable, such as reflectarray antennas. The developed 10x10 reflectarray antenna has a gain of approximately 10 dBi and a continuous steering range from -30° to 30°.
David Ulm, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, and Thorsten Schrader
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 35–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-35-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In an intercomparison organized within the framework of the German Calibration Service (Deutscher Kalibrierdienst – DKD), seven different calibration laboratories participated in the measurement of the antenna factor for three different antennas according to different standards. Between August 2017 and April 2018, measurements have been performed on a hybrid antenna, a logarithmic-periodic antenna and on an Open Ended Waveguide.
Kai Baaske, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, and Thorsten Schrader
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 45–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-45-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-45-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An intercomparison in the framework of the German Calibration Service (Deutscher Kalibrierdienst – DKD) was carried out. Two different travelling standards were used to measure the rise time of a pulse generator and the rise time, bandwidth and attenuation of an oscilloscope. Fourteen participants performed the measurements from September 2015 until May 2016. The overall results show that the measurements of the participating laboratories are in good agagreement with the reference values.
Thorsten Schrader, Jochen Bredemeyer, Marius Mihalachi, David Ulm, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, Christoph Stupperich, Sergei Sandmann, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the possible interference of wind turbines with terrestrial navigation aids and Radar systems, the signals of these systems have to measured in the air space used by aircrafts or being under surveillance, respectively. From the measurements performed in areas with and without wind turbines the influence of these on the signals of terrestrial navigation and/or Radars can be derived. Drone-based and state-of-the-art electronics were used for the measurements.
Reiner Pape, Uwe Karsten, Frank-Michael Lindner, Frank Rittmann, Joachim von Freeden, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, and Thorsten Schrader
Adv. Radio Sci., 15, 243–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-243-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-243-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss the results of an intercomparison for electric field strength measurements within the DKD. The comparison has been carried out on the field strength value required to reach a display reading of 20 V m−1 of the field probes. While the results agree well for the small field probe and when the larger commercial 3-axis field probe is oriented in the direction of the magnetic field, larger deviations occur, when the larger 3-axis field probe is oriented into the direction propagation.
Martina Rohland, Kai Baaske, Katharina Gläser, Henning Hintzsche, Helga Stopper, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, and Thorsten Schrader
Adv. Radio Sci., 15, 207–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-207-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-207-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the design of an exposure setup used to study possible non-thermal effects due to the exposure of human hematopoietic stem cells to GSM, UMTS and LTE mobile communication signals. The experiments are performed under fully blinded conditions in a TEM waveguide located inside an incubator to achieve defined environmental conditions as required for the living cells.
Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, Frank Huncke, Dieter Schwarzbeck, Otto Martetschläger, Jürgen Gaßner, Andreas Guserle, Christian Römer, Thomas Hufnagel, Mario Lehmann, Uwe Karsten, and Thorsten Schrader
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 11–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-11-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-11-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we discuss the results of an intercomparison for free space antenna factor measurements. Three different types of antennas covering the frequency range from 30 MHz to 26.5 GHz have been calibrated in five different laboratories using different methods and calibration sites. The results agree well within the uncertainties specified by the laboratories suggesting that different approaches and different measurement sites to obtain the free space antenna factor are well compatible.
Thorsten Schrader, Jochen Bredemeyer, Marius Mihalachi, Jan Rohde, and Thomas Kleine-Ostmann
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
With the availability of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) such as octocopters a new versatile platform for signal-in-space measurements is deployable. This paper describes concept and design of an octocopter and its instrumentation, being used to investigate the possible interaction of terrestrial navigation systems such as DVORs and radars with single wind turbines (WT) or wind power plants.
Cited articles
Ahmad, G., Brown, T., Underwood , C., and Loh, T.: How coarse is too
coarse in electrically large reflectarray smart antennas?, 2017
International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student
Innovation Competition, London, 30 May–1 June 2017, pp. 135–137, 2017.
Dahri, M. H., Jamaluddin, M. H., Abbasi, M. I., and Kamarudin, M. R.: A
Review of Wideband Reflectarray Antennas for 5G Communication Systems,
IEEE Access, 5, 17803–17815, 2017.
Huang, J. and Encinar, J. A.: Reflectarray Antennas, Wiley-IEEE Press, New
York, 2008.
Leberer, R.: Untersuchung von quasi-planaren Antennen mit sektorförmiger
und omnidirektionaler Strahlungscharakteristik im Millimeterwellenbereich,
Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 2005.
McKinnis, J. M., Gresham, I., and Becker, R.: Figures of Merit for Active
Antenna Enabled 5G Communication Networks, 11th Global Symposium on
Millimeter Waves (GSMM), CO, USA, USA, 22–24 May 2018.
Theissen, H., Dahl, C., Rolfes, I., and Musch, T: An electronically
reconfigurable reflectarray element based on binary phase shifters for
K-band applications, German Microwave Conference (GeMiC),
Bochum, 14–16 March 2016, pp. 321–324, 2016.
Venneri, F., Costanzo, S., Di Massa, G., Borgia, A., Corsonello, P., and
Salzano, M.: Design of a reconfigurable reflectarray based on a varactor
tuned element, 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, 26–30 March 2012, pp. 2628–2631, 2012.
Venneri, F., Costanzo, S., and Massa, G.: Design and Validation of a
Reconfigurable Single Varactor-Tuned Reflectarray, IEEE T. Antenn. Propag., 61, 635–645, 2013.
Zebrowski, M.: Modifications Improve Reflectarray Antennas:
available at: https://www.mwrf.com/datasheet/modifications-improve-reflectarray-antennas-pdf-download,
last access: 25 April 2019.