Calculation of the Combined Electric Field Response of Multiple Nonlinear Antenna Loads due to HPEM Excitation
Robert Michels
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Reliability of Technical Systems and Electrical Measurement, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Martin Schaarschmidt
Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and CBRN Protection, Munster, Germany
Sven Fisahn
Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and CBRN Protection, Munster, Germany
Frank Gronwald
Institute for Reliability of Technical Systems and Electrical Measurement, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Related authors
Robert Michels, Martin Schaarschmidt, and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 18, 75–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-75-2020, 2020
Tim Brandt, Sven Fisahn, Martin Schaarschmidt, Unai Aizpurua, Erik Kampert, and Stefan Dickmann
Adv. Radio Sci., 22, 29–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-22-29-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-22-29-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The results of immunity tests on components of self-driving automobiles to radiated high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulses are presented in this work. It is of particular interest to investigate such automobiles’ resilience towards deliberate attacks with electromagnetic interference (EMI). A characterization of the applied pulses are presented. A correlation can be drawn between the pulse repetition rate or the amplitude of the applied pulses and the severity of the effect on the DUTs.
Jan Ückerseifer and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 21, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution investigates the approximation of a well-established immunity test method for electronic equipment by an alternative test method, which so far has only been applied to electronic equipment in aircrafts. The alternative method can provide a similar test environment under certain test conditions, yet offers additional advantages with respect to practical criteria like time and cost saving. It is thus promising for further industrial applications, such as the automotive industry.
Fernando Arduini, Marian Lanzrath, Samikshya Ghosalkar, Arash Nateghi, Sven Fisahn, and Martin Schaarschmidt
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 131–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The use of high-power electromagnetic sources to disrupt or maliciously damage electronic devices in critical power infrastructures is growing in concern. This paper presents a vulnerability study where a digital protection relay is exposed to high-power electromagnetic interference signals. The results reveal failures of this device that can impact the operation of power substations.
Maik Rogowski, Sven Fisahn, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 9–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-9-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-9-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this artice two loopantennas in freespace are modeled and simulated in a numerical field calculation program. To verify the results, two approaches based on equivalent electrical circuit diagrams (ECD) were investigated. One approach based on the ECD of a real coil and another is based on the input impedant of the antenna.
The comparison of the results of the simulation and the analytical calculation of the ECD from the input impedance of the antenna showed a very good agreement.
Sven Fisahn, Christian Siebauer, Jan Ringkamp, Kirsten J. Dehning, Stefan Zimmermann, and Jens Langejürgen
Adv. Radio Sci., 18, 89–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-89-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In artificial ventilation of neonates uncuffed endotracheal tubes are commonly used. The unknown leakage hampers the detection of spontaneous breathing. A new method to measure respiration by using antennae has recently been presented. A respective setup is investigated numerically and experimentally. Both approaches show that the method seems capable of allowing a contactless triggering to synchronize ventilation. The results are compared to derive a better understanding of influencing factors.
Jan Ückerseifer and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 18, 33–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-33-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-33-2020, 2020
Robert Michels, Martin Schaarschmidt, and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 18, 75–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-75-2020, 2020
Sergey V. Tkachenko, Juergen B. Nitsch, Felix Middelstaedt, Ronald Rambousky, Martin Schaarschmidt, and Ralf Vick
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 177–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-177-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-177-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using the method of modal parameters, developed earlier, equations for the Singularity Expansion Method (SEM) poles were obtained. Numerical investigation of solutions for the poles of the fist layer have shown good agreement with analytical and numerical results obtained earlier.
Cornelia Reschka, Sebastian Koj, Sven Fisahn, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 19–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-19-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-19-2019, 2019
Sven Fisahn, Sebastian Koj, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 16, 215–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-215-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-215-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The coupling behavior of electromagnetic pulses into the shielded enclosure of vulnerable systems is of great interest in order to estimate and to predict the system's reliability. The usage of an optical field sensor reduces the influence of the measuring setup and thus, enables the analysis of the enclosure's resonance behavior, which delivers revealing information about the dependence of the quality factor on the aperture size of the enclosure.
Devanand Palur Palanivelu, Robert Michels, Matthias Kreitlow, and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 16, 135–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-135-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-135-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution the effects of repetitive pulse excitations on linearly and nonlinearly loaded antennas are studied on the basis of equivalent circuit models. This is important to understand in the context of Electromagnetic Compatibility possible nonlinear effects which often are not included in the analysis. It is found that a surprisingly large capacitive effect can be produced which has no counterpart in the linear case and is accompanied by the storage of unwanted electric energy.
Stefan Parr, Stephan Chromy, Stefan Dickmann, and Martin Schaarschmidt
Adv. Radio Sci., 15, 169–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Electric equipment can be shielded against high power electromagnetic fields via metallic cavities. At certain frequencies, called resonances, the shielding effectiveness collapses. In this paper the impact of different sized windows in the shield is analyzed. The results is: at a certain size of the window, approximately one third of the shield's size, the shielding effectiveness is at its minimum. Furthermore, the quality factor of shields with different windows sizes is analyzed.
Miroslav Kotzev, Xiaotang Bi, Matthias Kreitlow, and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 15, 175–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-175-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-175-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this article the modeling of electromagnetic field coupling to nonlinear devices is studied. This is of benefit in the context of Electromagnetic Compatibility where the interaction between sensitive electronics within complex systems and electromagnetic interference is investigated.
Fabian Happ, Heinz-D. Brüns, Gazmend Mavraj, and Frank Gronwald
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 107–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-107-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A numerical method is presented which is capable to compute the electromagnetic fields created by the current of a spatially extended lightning channel. The coupling of these fields into simple models of aircraft fuselages is investigated, where the electric material parameters of the fuselages correspond to those of realistic layered carbon fiber composite.
Cited articles
Chang, F.-Y.: Transient Analysis of Diode Switching Circuits Including Charge
Storage Effect, IEEE T. Circuits-I, 43, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.1109/81.486442, 1996. a
Grivet-Talocia, S. and Gustavsen, B.: Black-box Macromodeling and its EMC
Application, IEEE Electromag. Compat. Mag., 5, 71–78,
https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMC.0.7764255, 2016b. a
Michels, R., Kreitlow, M., Bausen, A., Dietrich, C., and Gronwald, F.: Modeling
and Verification of a Parasitic Nonlinear Energy Storage Effect Due To
High-Power Electromagnetic Excitation, IEEE. Trans. Electromag. Compat., 62,
2468–2475, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2020.2980976, 2020. a, b
Ramo, S., Whinnery, J. R., and Van Duzer, T.: Fields and Waves in Communication
Electronics, 3rd edn., Wiley, New York, ISBN 978-81-265-1525-7, 1994. a
Sarkar, T. K. and Weiner, D.: Scattering Analysis of Nonlinearly Loaded
Antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Porpagat., 24, 125–131,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1976.1141327, 1976.
a
Wendt, T., Yang, C., Schuster, C., and Grivet Talocia, S.: Numerical Complexity
Study of Solving Hybrid Multiport Field-Circuit Problems for Diode Grids,
Int. Conf. Electromagn. Adv. App. (ICEAA), Granada, Spain, 9–13 September 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEAA.2019.8879021, 2019. a
Wendt, T., Yang, C., Brüns, H. D., Grivet-Talocia, S., and Schuster, C.: A
Macromodeling-Based Hybrid Method for the Computation of Transient
Electromagnetic Fields Scatterd by Nonlinearly Loaded Metal Structures, IEEE
Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 62, 1098–1110, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2020.2991455,
2020. a
Yang, C., Brüns, H.-D., Liu, P., and Schuster, C.: Impulse Response
Optimization of a Band-Limited Frequency Data for Hybrid Field-Circuit
Simulation of Large-Scale Energy-Selective Diode Grids, IEEE Trans.
Electromag. Compat., 58, 1072–1080, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2016.2540921, 2016. a
Yang, C., Wendt, T., De Stefano, M., Kopf, M., Becker, C. M., Grivet-Talocia,
S., and Schuster, C.: Analysis and Optimization of Nonlinear Diode Grids for
Shielding of Enclosures with Apertures, IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., 63, 1884–1895,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2021.3073106, 2021. a
Short summary
The response of antennas with nonlinear loads is investigated. In this contribution we present a method capable to perform simulations on antennas with multiple nonlinear loads that are less time and memory consuming than traditional proceedings. Moreover, these methods also contribute to a better understanding of observed effects. This is shown using an antenna with two nonlinear loads. A deep insight on how nonlinear loads affect the reception behavior of an antenna will be provided.
The response of antennas with nonlinear loads is investigated. In this contribution we present a...