Measurement uncertainty caused by distance errors during in situ tests of wind turbines
Cornelia Reschka
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology,
Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
Sebastian Koj
IAV GmbH, EMC & Antenna, Gifhorn, 38518, Germany
Sven Fisahn
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology,
Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
Heyno Garbe
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology,
Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
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Tim Brandt, Sven Fisahn, Martin Schaarschmidt, Unai Aizpurua, Erik Kampert, and Stefan Dickmann
Adv. Radio Sci., 22, 29–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-22-29-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-22-29-2024, 2024
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The results of immunity tests on components of self-driving automobiles to radiated high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulses are presented in this work. It is of particular interest to investigate such automobiles’ resilience towards deliberate attacks with electromagnetic interference (EMI). A characterization of the applied pulses are presented. A correlation can be drawn between the pulse repetition rate or the amplitude of the applied pulses and the severity of the effect on the DUTs.
Fernando Arduini, Marian Lanzrath, Samikshya Ghosalkar, Arash Nateghi, Sven Fisahn, and Martin Schaarschmidt
Adv. Radio Sci., 20, 131–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-131-2023, 2023
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The use of high-power electromagnetic sources to disrupt or maliciously damage electronic devices in critical power infrastructures is growing in concern. This paper presents a vulnerability study where a digital protection relay is exposed to high-power electromagnetic interference signals. The results reveal failures of this device that can impact the operation of power substations.
Robert Michels, Martin Schaarschmidt, Sven Fisahn, and Frank Gronwald
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The response of antennas with nonlinear loads is investigated. In this contribution we present a method capable to perform simulations on antennas with multiple nonlinear loads that are less time and memory consuming than traditional proceedings. Moreover, these methods also contribute to a better understanding of observed effects. This is shown using an antenna with two nonlinear loads. A deep insight on how nonlinear loads affect the reception behavior of an antenna will be provided.
Hoang Duc Pham, Katja Tüting, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-49-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-49-2021, 2021
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According to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertaintyin Measurement (GUM), uncertainties must be specified for each measurement. Therefore, this work's primary objective is to examine the effect of irregular deformed boundaries on the electromagnetic field and the resonance frequencies of a field generator (TEM-cell). Using a semi-analytical approach, the wave characteristics can be determined and the uncertainty contribution of the field generator can be estimated.
Christian Siebauer and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 173–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-173-2021, 2021
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Large numbers of unexploded World War II bombs are recovered from the ground every year. However, it is often not clear whether an anonamly in the ground is actually dangerous goods or scrap. In this thesis an application of borehole radar is investigated, with which first a 2D image and then a 3D representation of the buried object is to be generated. Both performed simulation and field measurements show good results, even if optimizations are still necessary in the 3D representation.
Maik Rogowski, Sven Fisahn, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 9–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-9-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-9-2021, 2021
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In this artice two loopantennas in freespace are modeled and simulated in a numerical field calculation program. To verify the results, two approaches based on equivalent electrical circuit diagrams (ECD) were investigated. One approach based on the ECD of a real coil and another is based on the input impedant of the antenna.
The comparison of the results of the simulation and the analytical calculation of the ECD from the input impedance of the antenna showed a very good agreement.
Sven Fisahn, Christian Siebauer, Jan Ringkamp, Kirsten J. Dehning, Stefan Zimmermann, and Jens Langejürgen
Adv. Radio Sci., 18, 89–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-18-89-2020, 2020
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In artificial ventilation of neonates uncuffed endotracheal tubes are commonly used. The unknown leakage hampers the detection of spontaneous breathing. A new method to measure respiration by using antennae has recently been presented. A respective setup is investigated numerically and experimentally. Both approaches show that the method seems capable of allowing a contactless triggering to synchronize ventilation. The results are compared to derive a better understanding of influencing factors.
Sergei Sandmann and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 17, 11–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-11-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-11-2019, 2019
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The possibility to estimate the resulting DVOR bearing error caused by multiple WTs summating the known errors of the particular WTs is investigated. The linear addition is found to be not suitable for use as a worst case estimation. Good estimations are achieved by the geometrical addition in proximal operation distances. In general bearing errors are decreasing with rising distance of WT and analysis point from DVOR. So the estimations can be interpreted as a kind of worst case values.
Thorsten Schrader, Jochen Bredemeyer, Marius Mihalachi, David Ulm, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, Christoph Stupperich, Sergei Sandmann, and Heyno Garbe
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To investigate the possible interference of wind turbines with terrestrial navigation aids and Radar systems, the signals of these systems have to measured in the air space used by aircrafts or being under surveillance, respectively. From the measurements performed in areas with and without wind turbines the influence of these on the signals of terrestrial navigation and/or Radars can be derived. Drone-based and state-of-the-art electronics were used for the measurements.
Sven Fisahn, Sebastian Koj, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 16, 215–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-215-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-215-2019, 2019
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The coupling behavior of electromagnetic pulses into the shielded enclosure of vulnerable systems is of great interest in order to estimate and to predict the system's reliability. The usage of an optical field sensor reduces the influence of the measuring setup and thus, enables the analysis of the enclosure's resonance behavior, which delivers revealing information about the dependence of the quality factor on the aperture size of the enclosure.
Sebastian Koj, Axel Hoffmann, and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 16, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-13-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-13-2018, 2018
Niklas Briest, Heyno Garbe, and Stefan Potthast
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 115–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-115-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-115-2016, 2016
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The validation of GTEM cells, which are an established alternative for an open area testside and are used for electromagnetic emission and susceptibilty tests, is performed in time domain with a specifiedl transient pulse with a double exponential shape. This paper provides a new validation method, wich is applicable for any transient pulse and presents further investigations of a GTEM cell in frequency domain.
Sergei Sandmann and Heyno Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 17–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-17-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-17-2016, 2016
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In this paper the electromagnetic field distortion of a DVOR surveillance navigation system in presence of a wind turbine (WT) is investigated as a function of wind direction and rotor position.
Therefor regularities of the distortion behavior were determined by 2040 simulations. Based on the calculated data a method is developed which allows to approximate the worst case distortion with the results of only two simplified simulations, which significantly reduces simulation effort.
Tim Peikert, Heyno Garbe, and Stefan Potthast
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 91–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-91-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-91-2016, 2016
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The paper presents a statistical approach to estimate the risk of an electronic system to intentional electromagnetic interference. The keywords Smart Grid, Industry 4.0 and Internet of Thinks leads to complex system with many dependencies between each electronic system. A faultless function of that complex systems is needed, which is achieved only with a cost efficent protection. That only can achieved with a stastical estimation of the risk to find the weakest link in the chain.
N. Briest, H. Garbe, and S. Potthast
Adv. Radio Sci., 13, 175–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-175-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-175-2015, 2015
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Keywords: cross correlation method; transient signal transmission
Paper Message: Correlation coefficient can be used to qualify the waveguide with respect to signal distortion.
S. Sandmann, S. Divanbeigi, and H. Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 13, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-9-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-9-2015, 2015
M. Kreitlow, F. Sabath, and H. Garbe
Adv. Radio Sci., 13, 149–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-149-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-149-2015, 2015
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Ethernet connections can suffer from data corruption due to intentional electromagnetic interference. In this paper a software-based measuring method is presented, which allows a direct assessment of the effects on the link layer without an unwanted influence of software related effects on higher protocol layers. This gives a simple tool for a quantitative analysis of the disturbance of an Ethernet connection based on time domain data.
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